LESSON 1: IMAGES
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IMAGES OF THE 20th CENTURY
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The falling down / coming down of the Berlin's Wall
The first man on the Moon “A small step for a man, a giant leap for humankind” leap=salto
A man steps onto the moon
He sets foot on the moon
They are raising their fists (levantando los puños)
They are feeling jubilant/proud/joyful/exultant
He's set free or He's freed (ser liberado de prisión)
He's liberated (persona liberal, abierta)
local (persona de un lugar)
bistro (pub restaurante)
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WHEN WE STUDY
work out = deducir
look up = buscar en el diccionario
put away = dejar de lado para otra ocasión
find out = descubrir
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SIGNIFICANT MOMENTS
The first launching of a rocket to explore the Universe. (lanzamiento)
The 2nd World War outbreak
Twin towers
The aftermath of the Tsunami in Indonesia (consecuencias) ok, but you use this word to refer to the consequences in a period of time following a disastrous event, a misfortune; e.g. a war, the tsunami...
Coup d'etat (golpe de estado)
Franco's death (is dead= está muerto / death=muerte / die = morir / died = participio)
The common currency in Europe (tipo de moneda) as opposed to 'coin'
Mortgage (hipoteca)
We could include some word formation here: 'economic' vs. 'economical'. The first one is an adjective relating to the science of economics and 'economical' is an adjective that means 'cheap'
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AUXILIARY VERBS (page 6)
do, have,
can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must (modal verbs)
I would also pay attention here to the pronunciation of weak and strong forms of auxuiliary verbs
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SO & NEITHER / NOR (page 6)
SO +AUX + PRONOUM / NAME (YO TAMBIÉN)
NEITHER / NOR + AUX + PRONOUM / NAME (YO TAMPOCO)
The man has been a few weeks in London, and so has the woman.
The man wasn´t a good student, and neither / nor was the woman.
NOTES!!!!!
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1. I've got a dog
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So have I
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(We can use both when the meaning of have is possess.
This especially works when the first sentence is 'I have a dog'.
With 'got', 'so have I' sounds better)
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or
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So do I
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I had cereals yesterday So did I (only one posssibility)
2. My favourite film is Casa Blanca So is mine
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THE TWO OF THEM, THEY ___ BOTH, NEITHER OF THEM
They are both American
Neither of them likes* the weather in London. *(The verb is in third person singular, because the subject is Neither)
The two of them have been a few weeks in London.
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QUESTION TAGS & SHORT ANSWERS
We use a negative question tag with a positive statement (+ -) , and a positive question tag with a negative statement (- +).
They have nothing in common, have they?
Somebody must like her music, musn't they? (with somebody we use they)
She never writes, does she?
Nobody wants to look like that, do they? (with nobody we use they)
NOTES:
Will is the auxiliary for the imperative
Shall is the auxiliary when we are talking of suggestion
Aren't I instead of am I not
Yes or No + Subject + Auxiliary
“Have you been working?” , “Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.”
VOCABULARY
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ENGLISH
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SPANISH
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achievement
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logro
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aftermath
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consecuencia
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aggressive
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agresivo
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all the rage
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muy popular, de moda
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an item of clothing
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una prenda de ropa
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anorak
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anorak
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appearance
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apariencia
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apron
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delantal
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assertive
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asertivo, con mucha confianza
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bangle
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pulsera
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be dead
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estar muerto
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be freed
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ser liberado
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be in fashion
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estar de moda
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be keen on, to be fond of, to be interested in
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gustar, ser aficionado a , ser fan de...
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be liberated
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ser liberal
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be poised
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estar en equilibrio
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be set free
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ser liberado (de prisión)
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bistro
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pub restaurante
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bounce
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saltar, botar
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bow /bau/
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asentir
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bow /beu/
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arco
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bow tie
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pajarita
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brand
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marca
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brave
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bravo
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breach
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brecha
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breakthrough
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avance, adelanto
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butterfly
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mariposa
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cap
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gorra
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censor
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censurar
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censorship
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censura
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chart
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lista (música)
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chip
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cachito, pieza de plástico madera
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cloth
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paño
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clothes
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ropa
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come down
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tirar, derrumbar, 2
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competitive
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competitivo
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compliment
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cumplido
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conceited
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orgulloso de sí mismo y en lo que hace, presumido, vanidoso
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convenient
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práctico, provechoso, cómodo
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costume
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traje de época, etc...
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Coup detat
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golpe de estado
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courageous
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con coraje, bravo
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coward
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covarde
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currency
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moneda de un país
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death
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muerte
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deduce
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deducir 2
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demolish
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demolir
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determine
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determinar
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dictatorship
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dictadura
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die
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morir
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dominant
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dominante
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dress down
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vestir de forma informal
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dressed to kill
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vestida para matar, muy guapa (dressed up to the nines)
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dress up
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vestirse muy arreglada para una boda
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dressing gown
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bata
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dull /dal/
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aburrido
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dungarees
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buzo, mono, peto blue jeans
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economical
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económico
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economics
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económicas
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economy
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economía
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egocentric
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egocéntrico
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energetic
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energético
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extrovert
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extrovertido
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exultant
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exultante
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fair-minded
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juiciosa
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fall down
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tirar, derrumbar
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fancy
to fancy
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de fantasía
+ ing= apetecer, gustar
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fashionable
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de moda
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feisty /faisti/
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informal, sin miedo a decir las cosas
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filth
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sustancia asquerosa
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filthy
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sucio
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find out
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descubrir
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flea
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pulga
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flea market
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mercadillo
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fluently
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fluído
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frank
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franco
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fur
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pelo suave de animal
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gape
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mirar con la boca abierta
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gash
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corte, cuchillada
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generous
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generoso
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gentle
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dulce, gentil
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gig
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actuación, concierto
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glossy
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lustroso, brillante
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glove
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guante
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gullible
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crédulo
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has her eye on
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querer tener, querer alcanzar
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hat
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sombrero
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heel
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talón, tacón
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helmet
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casco
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high street
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calle principal (En)
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highlight
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la parte más interesante
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honest
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honesto
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horoscope
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horóscopo
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hot-blooded
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de sangre caliente
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hypocritical
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hipócrita
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imaginative
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imaginativo
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imitate
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imitar
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indecisive
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indeciso
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insincere
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poco sincero
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irresponsible
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irresponsable
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it's likely
someone is likely to do something
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es posible, propicio a suceder
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jacket
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chaqueta
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joyful
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muy contento
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jubilant
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contento, jubiloso
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jumper
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jersey, manis
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knock down
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destruir
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knot
to tie the knot
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nudo
casarse
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likeness
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parecerse especialmente físicamente
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local
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nativo
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look up
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buscar en el diccinario
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loyal
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leal
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lure
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aliciente
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mac
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chubasquero
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mackintosh
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chubasquero2
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main street
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calle principal (Am)
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materialistic
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materialista
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menace
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amenazar
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menacing
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amenazadora
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mock
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imitar de broma
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mode
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moda, modo
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modest
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modesto
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moll
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novia de gánster o criminal
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momentous
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buenos momentos
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mortgage
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hipoteca
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mouth to mouth
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de boca en boca
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muscular
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musculoso,
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nap
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siesta
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nightdress
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camisón
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nuance
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matiz
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obedient
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obediente
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obstinate
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obstinado
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off the peg
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de la barra de colgar ropa (En)
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off the rack
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de la barra de colgar ropa (Am)
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open
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honesto 2
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outbreak
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comienzo
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overalls
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mono de trabajo, buzo
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passive
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pasivo
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pay off
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amortizar, si algo funcinó antes porque ahora no
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platinum
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platino
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pocket
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bolsillo
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poise
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equilibrio
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possess
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poseer
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possessive
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posesivo
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protective
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protector
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proud
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orgulloso
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put away
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dejar de lado
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put my feet foot in it
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meter la pata
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put out
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apagar
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raise fists
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levantar los puños
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rational
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racional
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realistic
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realista
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resemblance
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parecido
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revise
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revisar, repasar
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robe
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toga, vestido de uniforme
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scar
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cicatriz
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scarf
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bufanda
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scarred
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cicatrizado
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scheming
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planeador, calculador
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secure the part
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asegurar el papel
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seize
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coger de repente con fuerza
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self-assured
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con mucha confianza en uno mismo
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self-centred
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egocéntrico 2
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self-conscious
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inseguro, avergonzado de tu apariencia
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sensible
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sensato
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sensitive
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sensible
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set a new trend
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poner de moda
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set on
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poner encima
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shoelace
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cordón de los zapatos
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shop window
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escaparate
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shy
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tímido
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similar
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similar, parecido
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similarity
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similaritud
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sketch
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apunte, boceto
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snobbish
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clasista
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soaked
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empapado
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soles
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suela
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speckling
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mota
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spoil
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malcriar
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spot
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lunar
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star sign
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signo del zodíaco
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stark
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real, inevitable
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step onto
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pasar de una superficie a otra
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stepmother
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madrastra
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stubborn
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obstinado2
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style
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estilo
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submissive
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sumisión, obediencia 2
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subservience
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sumisión, obediencia
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suitable
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conveniente, adecuada
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sums up
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resume
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take off
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quitar la ropa //despegar
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take someone at face value
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prejuzgar
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that's weird
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qué extraño
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threshold
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nivel de inicio // umbral
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tie
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corbata
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tights
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medias
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tolerant
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tolerante
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top hat
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chistera
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trend
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tendencia
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truthful
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sincero
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turn-up
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doblez de pantalón // dobladillo
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uncanny
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misterioso, extraño
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uncomplimentary
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mal comentario, crítica
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unpredictable
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imprevisible
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unscrupulous
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sin escrúpulos
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unstable
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inestable
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vain
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vanidoso
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vain
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orgulloso de su apariencia,habilidades, logros
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violent
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violento
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what on earth
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qué demonios
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where on earth
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dónde demonios
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who on earth
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quién demonios
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wig
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peluca
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work out
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deducir
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worn out
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gastado, usado
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you got a point in there
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estoy de acuerdo con lo que dices
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you're kidding!
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estás de broma!
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